La ciencia y la tecnología avanzan vertiginosamente. El derecho no es indiferente a ese progreso. Temas como la modificación genética y la biotecnología deben ser analizados cuidadosamente, no sólo desde el punto de vista legal, sino también científico. Por esa razón, es importante conocer a través de especialistas los conceptos básicos que nos permitan entender el fenómeno. En tal sentido, con el ánimo de contribuir a la actualización de los miembros del Poder Judicial de la Federación y de quienes aspiran pertenecer a él, en temas de novedad e importancia significativa, se delineó el presente Ciclo de Conferencias
sobre Biotecnología y Derecho.
Al finalizar el ciclo de conferencias, el alumno:
1. Distinguirá en qué consisten los organismos genéticamente modificados.
2. Conocerá el marco jurídico aplicable en materia de bioseguridad y organismos genéticamente modificados.
3. Contará con un panorama general sobre Biotecnología e innovación científica.
Dirigido al público en general interesado en el tema. CONVOCATORIA - REGISTRO
AVISO 1: el día 1 de junio se cerrará el sistema de registro en línea. Si desea registrarse le pedimos que lo haga directamente en sede, pero por favor considere la disponibilidad de espacios. AVISO 2. Quedan POCOS lugares para los cursos presimposio de: - Planificación, Diseño y Construcción de laboratorios de Contención - Cabinas de Seguridad Biológica - Regulación para Organismos Genéticamente Modificados
Ya están CERRADOS (llenos) los cursos presimposio de: - Evaluación de Riesgos desde la perspectiva de Bioseguridad - Comités de bioseguridad institucionales - Desarrollo de Manuales de Bioseguridad y Biocustodia para laboratorios
Diferentes organizaciones de salud emitieronrecomendaciones de salud para los viajeros a la copa del mundo en Brasil en Junio. Estas recomendaciones incluyen:
Contratar un seguro médico del viajero, en caso de emergencias. Pregunte en su agencia de viajes.
Preparar un kit de salud del viajero. Incluir medicamentos que pueden ser de utilidad en caso de emergencia, como por ejemplo: anti-histamínicos, anti-ácidos, antisépticos, repelente de mosquitos, etc.
VACUNAS recomendadas:
Varicela
Poliomelitis
Influenza
Sarampión, paperas, rubéola (MMR)
Difteria, tétanos, pertusis
Fiebre amarilla
Rabia
Hepatitis A y hepatitis B
VEAel resto de las recomendaciones en las siguientes páginas:
In this study, we aimed to determine knowledge levels regarding Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) among emergency healthcare workers (HCWs) in an endemic region. A questionnaire form consisting of questions about CCHF was applied to the participants. The mean age was 29.6 ± 6.5 years (range 19 - 45). Fifty-four (49.5%) participants were physicians, 39 (35.8%) were nurses and 16 (14.7%) were paramedics. All of the participants were aware of CCHF, and 48 (44%) of them had previously followed CCHF patients. Rates of the use of protective equipment (masks and gloves) during interventions for patients who were admitted to the emergency service with active hemorrhage were 100% among paramedics, 76.9% among nurses and 61.1% among physicians (P = 0.003). Among 86 (78.9%) HCWs who believed that their knowledge regarding CCHF was adequate, 62 (56.9%) declared that they would prefer not to care for patients with CCHF (P = 0.608). The use of techniques to prevent transmission of this disease, including gloves, face masks, face visors and box coats, should be explained to emergency room HCWs, and encouragement should be provided for using these techniques.
REFERENCE
Yolcu S. et. al. Knowledge Levels Regarding Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Among Emergency Healthcare Workers in an Endemic Region. J Clin Med Res. Jun 2014; 6(3): 197–204.
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The history of the investigation of standardized mycobactericidal activity of disinfectants and antiseptics is not very long. There is growing interest among the manufacturers of disinfectants in carrying out research on the antimicrobial activities in accordance with European standards (EN). This research could facilitate the introduction of high-quality disinfectants to the market. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mycobactericidal activity of selected chemical disinfectants and antiseptics used in the medical and veterinary fields.
REFERENCE:
Bocian E. et al. Evaluation of mycobactericidal activity of selected chemical disinfectants and antiseptics according to European standards. Med Sci Monit. 2014; 20: 666–673.
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Individually and collectively, resident microbes play important roles in host health and survival. Shaping and shaped by their host environments, these microorganisms form intricate communities that are in a state of dynamic equilibrium. This ecologic and dynamic view of host-microbe interactions is rapidly redefining our view of health and disease. It is now accepted that the vast majority of microbes are, for the most part, not intrinsically harmful, but rather become established as persistent, co-adapted colonists in equilibrium with their environment, providing useful goods and services to their hosts while deriving benefits from these host associations. Disruption of such alliances may have consequences for host health, and investigations in a wide variety of organisms have begun to illuminate the complex and dynamic network of interaction - across the spectrum of hosts, microbes, and environmental niches - that influence the formation, function, and stability of host-associated microbial communities.
Microbial Ecology in States of Health and Disease is the summary of a workshop convened by the Institute of Medicine's Forum on Microbial Threats in March 2013 to explore the scientific and therapeutic implications of microbial ecology in states of health and disease. Participants explored host-microbe interactions in humans, animals, and plants; emerging insights into how microbes may influence the development and maintenance of states of health and disease; the effects of environmental change(s) on the formation, function, and stability of microbial communities; and research challenges and opportunities for this emerging field of inquiry.
Millions of people rely on N95 filtering facepiece respirators to reduce the risk of airborne particles and prevent them from respiratory infections. However, there are no respirator fit testing and training regulations in China. Meanwhile, no study has been conducted to investigate the fit of various respirators. The objective of this study was to investigate whether people obtained adequate fit when wearing N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) used widely in China. Fifty adult participants selected using the Chinese respirator fit test panel donned 10 common models of N95 FFRs. Fit factors (FF) and inward leakage were measured using the TSI PortaCount Plus. Each subject was tested with three replications for each model. A subject was considered to pass the fit test when at least two of the three FFs were greater than 100. Two models were conducted fit tests before and after training to assess the role of training.
REFERENCE:
Yu et al. Fitting Characteristics of N95 Filtering-Facepiece Respirators Used Widely in China. PLoS One. 2014; 9(1): e85299.
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Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that cause a range of illnesses in humans, from the common cold to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Viruses in this family also cause a number of animal diseases. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV).
This strain of coronavirus that causes MERS was first identified in 2012 in Saudi Arabia. Our understanding of the virus and the disease it causes is continuing to evolve. UPDATE: May 15th, 2014. The cases of laboratory confirmed MERS-CoV have been reported from Jordan, Lebanon, the Netherlands, the United Arab Emirates, and the United States.
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Sustainable and effective control of dengue is hampered due to a number of factors, including the lack of evidence-based, locally relevant interventions; insufficient information regarding key components of virus transmission and vector ecology; failure to implement precise and efficient surveillance systems; inefficient healthcare systems; ineffective health promotion and outreach resulting in lack of community dialogue and participation; and a paucity of efficient diagnostic strategies and clinical attention. Increased research efforts in response to the complexity of this problem have focused on the development of novel technologies that would enhance existing tools for vector-borne disease prevention. Genetic strategies to reduce or replace mosquito populations and thereby interrupt transmission of dengue viruses are among the new approaches being considered. Many of these approaches take advantage of molecular genetic tools to engineer traits that cause lethal phenotypes or confer resistance to the pathogen in the mosquito.
We addressed the regulatory challenges associated with testing a strain of Aedes aegypti engineered to result in population suppression in contained field trials in southwestern Mexico.
REFERENCE:
Ramsey JM et. al. A Regulatory Structure for Working with Genetically Modified Mosquitoes: Lessons from Mexico. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. Mar 2014; 8(3): e2623.
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Complete Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) genome sequences were obtained from nasal swabs of dromedary camels sampled in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia through direct analysis of nucleic acid extracts or following virus isolation in cell culture. Consensus dromedary MERS-CoV genome sequences were the same with either template source and identical to published human MERS-CoV sequences. However, in contrast to individual human cases, where only clonal genomic sequences are reported, detailed population analyses revealed the presence of more than one genomic variant in individual dromedaries. If humans are truly infected only with clonal virus populations, we must entertain a model for interspecies transmission of MERS-CoV wherein only specific genotypes are capable of passing bottleneck selection.
REFERENCIA:
Briese T, et al. 2014. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus quasispecies that include homologues of human isolates revealed through whole-genome analysis and virus cultured from dromedary camels in Saudi Arabia. mBio 5(3):e01146-14. doi:10.1128/mBio.01146-14.
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The BioWatch program, funded and overseen by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), has three main elements--sampling, analysis, and response--each coordinated by different agencies. The Environmental Protection Agency maintains the sampling component, the sensors that collect airborne particles. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention coordinates analysis and laboratory testing of the samples, though testing is actually carried out in state and local public health laboratories. Local jurisdictions are responsible for the public health response to positive findings. The Federal Bureau of Investigation is designated as the lead agency for the law enforcement response if a bioterrorism event is detected. In 2003 DHS deployed the first generation of BioWatch air samplers. The current version of this technology, referred to as Generation 2.0, requires daily manual collection and testing of air filters from each monitor. DHS has also considered newer automated technologies (Generation 2.5 and Generation 3.0) which have the potential to produce results more quickly, at a lower cost, and for a greater number of threat agents.
Technologies to Enable Autonomous Detection for BioWatch is the summary of a workshop hosted jointly by the Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council in June 2013 to explore alternative cost-effective systems that would meet the requirements for a BioWatch Generation 3.0 autonomous detection system, or autonomous detector, for aerosolized agents.
Extremely hazardous substances can be released accidentally as a result of chemical spills, industrial explosions, fires, or accidents involving railroad cars and trucks transporting EHSs. Workers and residents in communities surrounding industrial facilities where these substances are manufactured, used, or stored and in communities along the nation's railways and highways are potentially at risk of being exposed to airborne extremely hazardous substances during accidental releases or intentional releases by terrorists. Pursuant to the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has identified approximately 400 extremely hazardous substances on the basis of acute lethality data in rodents.
Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals, Volume 16 identifies, reviews, and interprets relevant toxicologic and other scientific data for selected aliphatic nitriles, benzonitrile, methacrylonitrile, allyl alcohol, hydrogen selenide, ketene, and tear gasin order to develop acute exposure guideline levels (AEGLs) for these high-priority, acutely toxic chemicals.
=> Campaña mundial anual de la OMS. 5 de mayo de 2014 <=
Está preparado para evitar la propagación de microorganismos resistentes a los antimicrobianos?
La OMS le pide que el 5 de mayo de 2014 se nos una en una campaña sobre el papel de la higiene de las manos en la lucha contra la resistencia a los antimicrobianos.
Si no actuamos hoy no habrá curación mañana: asegúrese de que los 5 Momentos de la OMS para la higiene de las manos se integran en la protección de sus pacientes frente a los microorganismos resistentes.
El mundo ha sufrido un cambio irreversible: los patógenos multirresistentes han venido para quedarse. Para combatirlos son esenciales las medidas de prevención de las infecciones. La OMS presentará en breve un llamamiento a la acción para el 5 de mayo de 2014. Pronto podrá ver cómo participar en las actividades de este año, dedicado al tema de la resistencia a los antimicrobianos y la higiene de las manos. REFERENCIAS:
Diferentes organizaciones de salud emitieron recomendaciones de salud para los viajeros a la copa del mundo en Brasil en Junio. Estas recomendaciones incluyen:
Individually and collectively, resident microbes play important roles in host health and survival. Shaping and shaped by their host environments, these microorganisms form intricate communities that are in a state of dynamic equilibrium. This ecologic and dynamic view of host-microbe interactions is rapidly redefining our view of health and disease. It is now accepted that the vast majority of microbes are, for the most part, not intrinsically harmful, but rather become established as persistent, co-adapted colonists in equilibrium with their environment, providing useful goods and services to their hosts while deriving benefits from these host associations. Disruption of such alliances may have consequences for host health, and investigations in a wide variety of organisms have begun to illuminate the complex and dynamic network of interaction - across the spectrum of hosts, microbes, and environmental niches - that influence the formation, function, and stability of host-associated microbial communities.
Sustainable and effective control of dengue is hampered due to a number of factors, including the lack of evidence-based, locally relevant interventions; insufficient information regarding key components of virus transmission and vector ecology; failure to implement precise and efficient surveillance systems; inefficient healthcare systems; ineffective health promotion and outreach resulting in lack of community dialogue and participation; and a paucity of efficient diagnostic strategies and clinical attention. Increased research efforts in response to the complexity of this problem have focused on the development of novel technologies that would enhance existing tools for vector-borne disease prevention. Genetic strategies to reduce or replace mosquito populations and thereby interrupt transmission of dengue viruses are among the new approaches being considered. Many of these approaches take advantage of molecular genetic tools to engineer traits that cause lethal phenotypes or confer resistance to the pathogen in the mosquito.
